Home Buyers and Sellers Real Estate Glossary

Every business has it's jargon and residential reallisting databases such as the multiple listing service.
estate is no exception. Mark Nash author of 1001Inclusions: Fixtures or personal property that are
Tips for Buying and Selling a Home shares commonlyincluded in a contract or offer to purchase.
used terms with home buyers and sellers.Independent contractor: A real estate sales agent
1031 exchange or Starker exchange: The delayedwho conducts real estate business through a broker.
exchange of properties that qualifies for taxThis agent does not receive salary or benefits from
purposes as a tax-deferred exchange.the broker.
1099: The statement of income reported to the IRSInspection rider: Rider to purchase agreement
for an independent contractor.between third party relocation company and buyer
A/I: A contract that is pending with attorney andof transferee's property stating that property is
inspection contingencies.being sold "as is." All inspection reports conducted by
Accompanied showings: Those showings where thethe third party company are disclosed to the buyer
listing agent must accompany an agent and his or herand it is the buyer's duty to do his/her own
clients when viewing a listing.inspections and tests.
Addendum: An addition to; a document.Installment land contract: A contract in which the
Adjustable rate mortgage (ARM): A type ofbuyer takes possession of the property while the
mortgage loan whose interest rate is tied to anseller retains the title to the property until the loan is
economic index, which fluctuates with the market.paid.
Typical ARM periods are one, three, five, and sevenInterest rate float: The borrower decides to delay
years.locking their interest rate on their loan. They can float
Agent: The licensed real estate salesperson or brokertheir rate in expectation of the rate moving down. At
who represents buyers or sellers.the end of the float period they must lock a rate.
Annual percentage rate (APR): The total costsInterest rate lock: When the borrower and lender
(interest rate, closing costs, fees, and so on) that areagree to lock a rate on loan. Can have terms and
part of a borrower's loan, expressed as a percentageconditions attached to the lock.
rate of interest. The total costs are amortized overList date: Actual date the property was listed with
the term of the loan.the current broker.
Application fees: Fees that mortgage companiesList price: The price of a property through a listing
charge buyers at the time of written application for aagreement.
loan; for example, fees for running credit reports ofListing: Brokers written agreement to represent a
borrowers, property appraisal fees, andseller and their property. Agents refer to their
lender-specific fees.inventory of agreements with sellers as listings.
Appointments: Those times or time periods an agentListing agent: The real estate sales agent that is
shows properties to clients.representing the sellers and their property, through a
Appraisal: A document of opinion of property value atlisting agreement.
a specific point in time.Listing agreement: A document that establishes the
Appraised price (AP): The price the third-partyreal estate agent's agreement with the sellers to
relocation company offers (under most contracts)represent their property in the market.
the seller for his or her property. Generally, theListing appointment: The time when a real estate
average of two or more independent appraisals.sales agent meets with potential clients selling a
"As-is": A contract or offer clause stating that theproperty to secure a listing agreement.
seller will not repair or correct any problems with theListing exclusion: A clause included in the listing
property. Also used in listings and marketing materials.agreement when the seller (transferee) lists his or
Assumable mortgage: One in which the buyer agreesher property with a broker.
to fulfill the obligations of the existing loan agreementLoan: An amount of money that is lent to a
that the seller made with the lender. When assumingborrower who agrees to repay the amount plus
a mortgage, a buyer becomes personally liable forinterest.
the payment of principal and interest. The originalLoan application: A document that buyers who are
mortgagor should receive a written release from therequesting a loan fill out and submit to their lender.
liability when the buyer assumes the originalLoan closing costs: The costs a lender charges to
mortgage.close a borrower's loan. These costs vary from
Back on market (BOM): When a property or listing islender to lender and from market to market.
placed back on the market after being removedLoan commitment: A written document telling the
from the market recently.borrowers that the mortgage company has agreed
Back-up agent: A licensed agent who works withto lend them a specific amount of money at a
clients when their agent is unavailable.specific interest rate for a specific period of time.
Balloon mortgage: A type of mortgage that isThe loan commitment may also contain conditions
generally paid over a short period of time, but isupon which the loan commitment is based.
amortized over a longer period of time. TheLoan package: The group of mortgage documents
borrower typically pays a combination of principal andthat the borrower's lender sends to the closing or
interest. At the end of the loan term, the entireescrow.
unpaid balance must be repaid.Loan processor: An administrative individual who is
Back-up offer: When an offer is accepted contingentassigned to check, verify, and assemble all of the
on the fall through or voiding of an accepted firstdocuments and the buyer's funds and the borrower's
offer on a property.loan for closing.
Bill of sale: Transfers title to personal property in aLoan underwriter: One who underwrites a loan for
transaction.another. Some lenders have investors underwrite a
Board of REALTORS® (local): An association ofbuyer's loan.
REALTORS® in a specific geographic area.Lockbox: A tool that allows secure storage of
Broker: A state licensed individual who acts as theproperty keys on the premises for agent use. A
agent for the seller or buyer.combo uses a rotating dial to gain access with a
Broker of record: The person registered with his orcombination; a Supra® (electronic lockbox or ELB)
her state licensing authority as the managing brokerfeatures a keypad.
of a specific real estate sales office.Managing broker: A person licensed by the state as a
Broker's market analysis (BMA): The real estatebroker who is also the broker of record for a real
broker's opinion of the expected final net sale price,estate sales office. This person manages the daily
determined after acquisition of the property by theoperations of a real estate sales office.
third-party company.Marketing period: The period of time in which the
Broker's tour: A preset time and day when realtransferee may market his or her property (typically
estate sales agents can view listings by multiple45, 60, or 90 days), as directed by the third-party
brokerages in the market.company's contract with the employer.
Buyer: The purchaser of a property.Mortgage banker: One who lends the bank's funds to
Buyer agency: A real estate broker retained by theborrowers and brings lenders and borrowers
buyer who has a fiduciary duty to the buyer.together.
Buyer agent: The agent who shows the buyer'sMortgage broker: A business that or an individual who
property, negotiates the contract or offer for theunites lenders and borrowers and processes
buyer, and works with the buyer to close themortgage applications.
transaction.Mortgage loan servicing company: A company that
Carrying costs: Cost incurred to maintain a propertycollects monthly mortgage payments from
(taxes, interest, insurance, utilities, and so on).borrowers.
Closing: The end of a transaction process where theMultiple listing service (MLS): A service that compiles
deed is delivered, documents are signed, and fundsavailable properties for sale by member brokers.
are dispersed.Multiple offers: More than one buyers broker present
CLUE (Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange):an offer on one property where the offers are
The insurance industry's national database thatnegotiated at the same time.
assigns individuals a risk score. CLUE also has anNational Association of REALTORS® (NAR): A
electronic file of a properties insurance history. Thesenational association comprised of real estate sales
files are accessible by insurance companies nationally.agents.
These files could impact the ability to sell property asNet sales price: Gross sales price less concessions to
they might contain information that a prospectivethe buyers.
buyer might find objectionable, and in some casesOff market: A property listing that has been
not even insurable.removed from the sale inventory in a market. A
Commission: The compensation paid to the listingproperty can be temporarily or permanently off
brokerage by the seller for selling the property. Amarket.
buyer may also be required to pay a commission toOffer to purchase: When a buyer proposes certain
his or her agent.terms and presents these terms to the seller.
Commission split: The percentage split of commissionOffice tour/caravan: A walking or driving tour by a
compen-sation between the real estate salesreal estate sales office of listings represented by
brokerage and the real estate sales agent or broker.agents in the office. Usually held on a set day and
Competitive Market Analysis (CMA): The analysistime.
used to provide market information to the seller andParcel identification number (PIN): A taxing authority's
assist the real estate broker in securing the listing.tracking number for a property.
Condominium association: An association of all ownersPending: A real estate contract that has been
in a condominium.accepted on a property but the transaction has not
Condominium budget: A financial forecast and reportclosed.
of a condominium association's expenses and savings.Personal assistant: A real estate sales agent
Condominium by-laws: Rules passed by theadministrative assistant.
condominium association used in administration of thePlanned unit development (PUD): Mixed-use
condominium property.development that sets aside areas for residential use,
Condominium declarations: A document that legallycommercial use, and public areas such as schools,
establishes a condominium.parks, and so on.
Condominium right of first refusal: A person or anPreapproval: A higher level of buyer/borrower
association that has the first opportunity to purchaseprequalification required by a mortgage lender. Some
condominium real estate when it becomes available orpreapprovals have conditions the borrower must
the right to meet any other offer.meet.
Condominium rules and regulation: Rules of aPrepaid interest: Funds paid by the borrower at
condominium association by which owners agree toclosing based on the number of days left in the
abide.month of closing.
Contingency: A provision in a contract requiring certainPrepayment penalty: A fine imposed on the borrower
acts to be completed before the contract is binding.by the lender when the loan is paid off before it
Continue to show: When a property is under contractcomes due.
with contingencies, but the seller requests that thePrequalification: The mortgage company tells a buyer
property continue to be shown to prospectivein advance of the formal mortgage application, how
buyers until contingencies are released.much money the borrower can afford to borrow.
Contract for deed: A sales contract in which theSome prequalifications have conditions that the
buyer takes possession of the property but the sellerborrower must meet.
holds title until the loan is paid. Also known as anPreview appointment: When a buyer's agent views a
installment sale contract.property alone to see if it meets his or her buyer's
Conventional mortgage: A type of mortgage that hasneeds.
certain limitations placed on it to meet secondaryPricing: When the potential seller's agent goes to the
market guidelines. Mortgage companies, banks, andpotential listing property to view it for marketing and
savings and loans underwrite conventional mortgages.pricing purposes.
Cooperating commission: A commission offered toPrincipal: The amount of money a buyer borrows.
the buyer's agent brokerage for bringing a buyer toPrincipal, interest, taxes, and insurance (PITI): The
the selling brokerage's listing.four parts that make up a borrower's monthly
Cooperative (Co-op): Where the shareholders of themortgage payment. Private mortgage insurance (PMI):
corporation are the inhabitants of the building. EachA special insurance paid by a borrower in monthly
shareholder has the right to lease a specific unit. Theinstallments, typically of loans of more than 80
difference between a co-op and a condo is in apercent of the value of the property.
co-op, one owns shares in a corporation; in a condoProfessional designation: Additional nonlicensed real
one owns the unit fee simple.estate education completed by a real estate
Counteroffer: The response to an offer or a bid byprofessional.
the seller or buyer after the original offer or bid.Professional regulation: A state licensing authority that
Credit report: Includes all of the history for aoversees and disciplines licensees.
borrower's credit accounts, outstanding debts, andPromissory note: A promise-to-pay document used
payment timelines on past or current debts.with a contract or an offer to purchase.
Credit score: A score assigned to a borrower's creditR & I: Estimated and actual repair and
report based on information contained therein.improvement costs.
Curb appeal: The visual impact a property projectsReal estate agent: An individual who is licensed by the
from the street.state and who acts on behalf of his or her client, the
Days on market: The number of days a property hasbuyer or seller. The real estate agent who does not
been on the market.have a broker's license must work for a licensed
Decree: A judgment of the court that sets out thebroker.
agreements and rights of the parties.Real estate contract: A binding agreement between
Disclosures: Federal, state, county, and localbuyer and seller. It consists of an offer and an
requirements of disclosure that the seller providesacceptance as well as consideration (i.e., money).
and the buyer acknowledges.REALTOR®: A registered trademark of the
Divorce: The legal separation of a husband and wifeNational Association of REALTORS® that can be
effected by a court decree that totally dissolves theused only by its members.
marriage relationship.Release deed: A written document stating that a
DOM: Days on market.seller or buyer has satisfied his or her obligation on a
Down payment: The amount of cash put toward adebt. This document is usually recorded.
purchase by the borrower.Relist: Property that was listed with another broker
Drive-by: When a buyer or seller agent or brokerbut relisted with a current broker.
drives by a property listing or potential listing.Rider: A separate document that is attached to a
Dual agent: A state-licensed individual who representsdocument in some way. This is done so that an
the seller and the buyer in a single transaction.entire document does not need to be rewritten.
Earnest money deposit: The money given to theSalaried agent: A real estate sales agent or broker
seller at the time the offer is made as a sign of thewho receives all or part of his or her compensation in
buyer's good faith.real estate sales in the form of a salary.
Escrow account for real estate taxes and insurance:Sale price: The price paid for a listing or property.
An account into which borrowers pay monthlySeller (owner): The owner of a property who has
prorations for real estate taxes and propertysigned a listing agreement or a potential listing
insurance.agreement.
Exclusions: Fixtures or personal property that areShowing: When a listing is shown to prospective
excluded from the contract or offer to purchase.buyers or the buyer's agent (preview).
Expired (listing): A property listing that has expiredSpecial assessment: A special and additional charge to
per the terms of the listing agreement.a unit in a condominium or cooperative. Also a special
Fax rider: A document that treats facsimilereal estate tax for improvements that benefit a
transmission as the same legal effect as the originalproperty.
document.State Association of REALTORS®: An association
Feedback: The real estate sales agent and/or his orof REALTORS® in a specific state.
her client's reaction to a listing or property.Supra®: An electronic lockbox (ELB) that holds
Requested by the listing agent.keys to a property. The user must have a Supra
Fee simple: A form of property ownership where thekeypad to use the lockbox.
owner has the right to use and dispose of propertyTemporarily off market (TOM): A listed property that
at will.is taken off the market due to illness, travel, needed
FHA (Federal Housing Administration) Loan Guarantee:repairs, and so on.
A guarantee by the FHA that a percentage of a loanTemporary housing: Housing a transferee occupies
will be underwritten by a mortgage company oruntil permanent housing is selected or becomes
banker.available.
Fixture: Personal property that has become part ofTransaction: The real estate process from offer to
the property through permanent attachment.closing or escrow.
Flat fee: A predetermined amount of compensationTransaction management fee (TMF): A fee charged
received or paid for a specific service in a real estateby listing brokers to the seller as part of the listing
transaction.agreement.
For sale by owner (FSBO): A property that is for saleTransaction sides: The two sides of a transaction,
by the owner of the property.sellers and buyers. The term used to record the
Gift letter: A letter to a lender stating that a gift ofnumber of transactions in which a real estate sales
cash has been made to the buyer(s) and that theagent or broker was involved during a specific period.
person gifting the cash to the buyer is not expecting24-hour notice: Allowed by law, tenants must be
the gift to be repaid. The exact wording of the giftinformed of showing 24 hours before you arrive.
letter should be requested of the lender.Under contract: A property that has an accepted real
Good faith estimate: Under the Real Estateestate contract between seller and buyer.
Settlement Procedures Act, within three days of anVA (Veterans Administration) Loan Guarantee: A
application submission, lenders are required to provideguarantee on a mortgage amount backed by the
in writing to potential borrowers a good faithDepartment of Veterans Affairs.
estimate of closing costs.Virtual tour: An Internet web/cd-rom-based video
Gross sale price: The sale price before anypresentation of a property.
concessions.VOW's (Virtual Office web sites): An Internet based
Hazard insurance: Insurance that covers losses to realreal estate brokerage business model that works
estate from damages that might affect its value.with real estate consumers in same way as a brick
Homeowner's insurance: Coverage that includesand mortar real estate brokerage.
personal liability and theft insurance in addition toW-2: The Internal Revenue form issued by employer
hazard insurance.to employee to reflect compensation and deductions
HUD/RESPA (Housing and Urban Development/Realto compensation.
Estate Settlement Procedures Act): A document andW-9: The Internal Revenue form requesting taxpayer
statement that details all of the monies paid out andidentification number and certification.
received at a real estate property closing.Walk-through: A showing before closing or escrow
Hybrid adjustable rate: Offers a fixed rate the first 5that permits the buyers one final tour of the
years and then adjusts annually for the next 25property they are purchasing.
years.Will: A document by which a person disposes of his
IDX (Internet Data Exchange): Allows real estateor her property after death.
brokers to advertise each other's listings posted to